Computer Ethics Example

PC Ethics Example PC Ethics †Article Example The article is â€Å" Is it Moral to make Software Copies for My Friends? â€Å" composed by Bernard Gert. In this article, Gert utilizes the way of thinking of Kantian Ethics to contend the unethical behavior of making programming duplicates for one’s companions. The creator introduced his focuses dependent on the possibility that ethical quality did not depend on thought processes which is a decent reason. On the off chance that that is the situation, at that point individuals can carry out any wrongdoing by defending that their rationale was acceptable. If one somehow managed to utilize Utilitarian Theory, making pilfered programming is reasonable for it benefits numerous individuals particularly the individuals who can't stand to purchase unique programming. Numerous gatherings have just reprimanded such law for it is low since Microsoft makes such a great amount of benefit from programming licenses yet the issue isn't productivity, it is morals. In this way, the creator is affirm that damaging an ethically acknowledged law (, for example, copyright law) however it appears to be vile, isn't motivation to abuse any law . In the event that individuals begin abusing such law, at that point it would be a point of reference and cause disorder.Another great contention is that one doesn't have to disregard ethically acknowledged laws since it benefits individuals. Law is forced so that there is control and request. Truth be told, regardless of whether the law unequivocally bans or censures unlawfully replicating of programming, numerous individuals despite everything submit such acts. What more if there is no law by any stretch of the imagination? Also, the unlawful duplicating of programming influences people as well as large organizations too. A business is typically settled predominantly for productivity ; hence, business would be influenced if theft is endured. In a similar way, an ethically levelheaded individual would offer credit to licensed innova tion of another person.Sources:Gert, Bernard. â€Å" Is it Moral to Make Copies of Software for My Friends?† ( Chapter 12) Computer Ethics and the Internet. p.530-532.

Biotechnology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biotechnology - Essay Example (Paine, et. al., 2005). Another model is the BT corn, which hereditarily alters corn harvests to shield it from savage nuisances, for example, caterpillars. Much contention has encircled biotechnology and biotechnology crops from the beginning. There are numerous pundits contend that it declines the part of ranchers as opposed to improve it since it makes an example of corporate reliance. Taking the BT-corn model, after some time, irritations would build up a resistance to changed strain in the corn yield and ranchers will have no real option except to buy new pesticides from the enterprises at costs that will abuse their absence of decisions. Natural promoters, then again, caution of the perils of biotechnology on biodiversity and other living things. For instance, tree huggers affirm that the corn that is warding irritations off is additionally slaughtering the Monarch butterfly. As per Kloppenburg and Burrows (2001), â€Å"given the expanding commodification of science and innova tion and the truth of where buying power lies, it is innocent to expect another device, for example, biotechnology ever to fall outside corporate control.† 2. a. ... Since it is unimaginable to expect to direct research on human bodies, utilizing creatures in lab tests is supported as a dependable method of learning the dangers to human wellbeing and to the earth. In any case, look into including creatures must be done in a mindful way in order to keep away from any superfluous remorselessness upon the creatures and to guarantee that the research center trials are finished with the least conceivable harm to them or to other life frameworks. b. The portion reaction bend alludes to a x-y chart intended to quantify the consequences for a living thing or life forms because of introduction to stressors or synthetic compounds, tried over a given timeframe and in fluctuating dosages. The goal is to decide if a specific substance is helpful, and the levels or dosages that it is gainful, just as the portions at which it is as of now hurtful. The portion reaction bend is frequently used to help in the creating of natural or wellbeing guidelines. c. LD50 is the portion required to kill half of an example populace inside a given time period. It is additionally called the middle deadly portion. A low LD50 is perilous in light of the fact that it implies that lone little dosages are required to kill half of the example. On the other hand a high LD50 is traditionally regarded to be more secure. The issue anyway with this gauge is that it just estimates demise and not other poisonous impacts that don't fundamental lead to death. 3. I concur that the preparatory guideline is a significant natural rule, and one that ought to be beat showcase contemplations and facilitated commerce summons. Researchers like Adler restrict the prudent rule, as his concern with it was that it was not receptive to the dangers of biodiversity

Challenge Accepted

Challenge Accepted I recently saw a comic where a professor says This is not the type of assignment you can do the night before, to which a student proclaims Challenge accepted Oh, how true. When giving tours on campus (yes, I might give you a campus tour!), I sometimes get asked about the amount of work MIT students have. I usually respond that, while students certainly receive a hefty sum of homework, the main problem is time management. That is, no matter how much time is given for an assignment, it will inevitably be done in the twenty-four hours before its due. Procrastination, I must say, is endemic on campus. This semester, for the first time in my MIT career, I dropped a course. There were a variety of reasons for doing this, but, regardless, it left me with what should have been a schedule that other students would kill for. I took 48 credits, which, while considered a full course load (supposedly equivalent to 48 hours of work per week) is fewer courses than a good number of upperclassmen take (not because they need to, of course). I didnt have a single class before 1pm any day of the week. This left me more time to work on graduate applications, my UROP, being a news editor for The Tech, and, well, living. The old adage goes good grades, social life, sleep pick two, but I wanted all three. Long story short, as is always the case at MIT, your academic obligations seem to expand to fit the time allotted; I had a surprising number of late nights and amount of last-minute tooling this term. On the bright side, though, those obligations can also contract to fit the time left over after the inevitable procrastination. Case in point last week. I still had a four- to six-page research paper for 4.614 (Religious Architecture and Islamic Cultures), and I knew from the previous three essays this term that it was highly susceptible to procrastination. (Professor Rabbat, I enjoyed the class, but four essays plus a final is too much.) However, I ended up squandering all my work time during the four-day Thanksgiving weekend doing a problem set for 1.00 (Intro to Computers and Engineering Problem Solving essentially Intro to Java) and it wasnt even that long. Then on Monday and Tuesday, I will pretend I was busy doing work for 21F.701 (Spanish I), even though that really amounted to maybe two hours of work. And while I had all of Wednesday past 4:30pm, by midnight that night, I still had a dismal two paragraphs of half-coherent content and an intro paragraph beginning with Lorem ipsum to make me think I had written more than I really did. Such is the typical progression of procrastination. I could claim I had seven hours of writers block, but in reality, the culprits were Wikipedia, Reddit (the lions share), that pesky thing called dinner, and probably Facebook. Surely, our forefathers and foremothers must have been more productive without the Internet to distract them at every turn. But, I knew how this would end, of course, because Id been down this road many times before. Drifting into a state of half-sleep around 1am, I set every alarm in my room to an arbitrary time between 2:30am and 3am. While not always effective, when I need to do something, I will wake up. So, at around 3am, after six snoozes on three different alarms, I reluctantly got up and made a cup of tea. (I bought a 100-pack of tea off Amazon in September for occasions like this; Im not really a fan of it because its not remotely sweet or minty enough to earn the supposed claim of Moroccan mint tea.) Then, I resigned myself to the work ahead while cursing myself for not doing it earlier (the post-procrastination blues). I must say, I was surprisingly alert. I dont know how much caffeine was in the tea, but I did not feel tired at all. If I wanted to go to sleep, I probably couldnt. With the shade up, I gradually saw, somewhat sadly, as the city woke up and sunlight appeared above the Boston skyline. This was a research paper, so there was sadly a significant amount of research involved. But, thank you, Google Books for not forcing me to wait until daylight to read the relevant text in most of the books I was interested in! Okay, Im making excuses again; research notwithstanding, it was only a four-page paper (plus two analytical drawings). If youre curious, it was an essay about Humayuns Tomb in Delhi; unfortunately, each time I found an ostensibly good source about the place, itd actually be a paragraph in a giant book about the Taj Mahal. I had to take a break around 9am (after six hours of wakefulness) to finish up some work for my UROP, which involves modeling two road networks in Singapore (I had a meeting with my UROP adviser at 10am). Around this time, I also called the Information Center (who organizes campus tours) to inform them that, unless they really needed me for the 11am morning tour, I would rather not give it in such a zombie-like state. As I knew they would (few people take campus tours in December and theres a second tour guide), they relieved from the duty and I breathed a sigh of relief. The 10am meeting with my UROP adviser was rather straightforward and brief, but, unable to resist the distraction, I watched the BBCs online, live feed of the announcements of the 2018 and 2022 World Cup hosts. FIFA was not doing me a favor by taking all of an hour to take two cards out of envelopes I had a Spanish quiz at 1pm as well, so I had to study for that some. Meanwhile, I still had my essay. But, okay, there was no way I was going to finish this on-time; I had not used my one unofficial extension for the term (really amazing, to be honest), so my TA permitted me an additional twenty-four hours to complete the assignment. But, I knew this was really just an additional nine hours, mostly in the middle of the night. Why, you ask? See, I had earmarked Thursday afternoon for working on the final 1.00 problem set (we got to work with a partner, and we both agreed to put the assignment off until the night before see, we all do it!). Despite being on Hour 12 of being awake, we managed to blaze through the problem set in record time. We were done in two hours. Still a Christmas miracle, though, I tell you. That left me just thirty minutes before I had to report to The Tech office for another night of news editing duties. I did my very best to multi-task splitting time between editing articles and working on my 4.614 essay but it wasnt working out too well. I cannot convey this to you clear enough: the Tech office is a very distracting environment. Others have tried to work there on issue night, but with Rockband in the next room, Ripsticks all over the office, and an editor-in-chief who likes to play Whip My Hair over the sound system because it annoys everyone, I could have gotten more work done sleeping. Despite the fact that that issue was fairly light, I had to stick around until 2am. Sigh. After forty-five minutes of break, I slogged back to my room in the biting cold and continued to work on my essay. At 3am, in commemoration of reaching the 24-hour mark, I had only my second cup of the not-so-Moroccan mint tea. I was fairly happy with my progress around 6am, so, unwilling to see another sunrise, I went to sleep after 27 consecutive hours awake. Believe it or not, I had to be up at 8:30am ahead of a 9am tour. I volunteered to take the tour a few weeks earlier thinking Id be finished with this paper well before Friday morning. And therein lies the recurring problem: foresight. Indeed, I thought I was close enough to finished with the essay to complete it in the two hours between the end of the tour and my target completion time of 12pm (when I needed to leave for the airport); in reality, I ended up leaving closer to 12:45pm. When I arrived at the airport check-in desk twenty minutes before my flight, the agent initially refused to give me the boarding pass, saying I was too late. I briefly argued with her (noting technical difficulties with their website and a previous call to the airline), and she eventually caved in: Alright, she said, Ill print it out for you, but theres no way youre going to make that flight. Thought myself, Challenge accepted I made it.

The Different Shades of Reality - 1902 Words

The concept of reality can appear in many different forms. It can be presented as a glimpse of happiness, such as love at first sight, or a long term pleasure, like falling in love. Reality can also be witness in a much bigger event, like getting married or having your first born child. But as joyful as it may sound and as much as we wish that reality can just be nothing but happiness, it has its own downfalls. It can also appear in the forms of envy, guilt, regrets, and hardships, like having your heart broken, losing a love one or witnessing a life and death situations. In the end we have to realize, what doesnt kill us makes us stronger. In the novel â€Å"The twelve tribes of Hattie† by Ayana Mathis, reality plays the role in the form of happiness, struggles and suffering. The novel obtained many hard and sad stories, but yet has the power to help understand the culture of segregation and the power of inspiration. Not only it’s a great novel but it opens a person mi nd to many questions that relates to reality, society, and ultimately our lives. It tests the American dream and creates goals for readers who believe in love, and help shape our ideas of passion. The novel told 12 different stories of 12 different characters that struggle with abandonment, unattainable love and life conflicts. In one of the chapter, Mathis told the story of â€Å"Franklin† one of Hattie’s children, remarkably well. His life revolved in an endless love for a women name Sissy. He suffers with theShow MoreRelatedWhat s Wrong With Fifty Shades?1292 Words   |  6 PagesWhat’s Wrong with Fifty Shades? Throughout history, novelists have been writing about romance, from William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† to Margaret Mitchells â€Å"Gone with the Wind†. Readers can find a romance novel about any type of love they can possibly imagine. From the perfect romance where a prince sweeps you off your feet or a rough around the edges cowboy that is stubborn but you know he means well. Romance novels are over the top, feel good books, but just recently a new novel came outRead MoreEssay on Toni Morrisons Sula - Character of Sula as a Rose929 Words   |  4 Pagesspread from the middle of the lid toward the eyebrow, shaped something like a stemmed-rose... [that] gave her other wise plain face a broken excitement (52). At first, when Sula is young and inexperienced, the mark is the same shade as her gold-flecked eyes (53). The light shade of the mark represents the time before Sula goes to college and experiences men and her sexuality. When Sula returns from th e outside world to the Bottom, Sulas best friend Nel notices that [the mark] was darker than [she]Read MoreNineteen Shades Of Grey By Sam Taylor982 Words   |  4 Pagesmany book readers were anxiously waiting for the release of â€Å"Fifty Shades of Grey† the movie. Fifty Shades of Grey is a series of books adapted into a movie. This movie was directed by Sam Taylor-Johnson and produced by E.L James, Dana Brunetti, and Michael De Luca. The music composer of Fifty Shades of Grey is Danny Elfman. Danny Elfman is a well know composer and songwriter that has produced many soundtracks. In the film Fifty Shades of Grey a young student name Anastasia Steele goes to interviewRead More Oprah’s Life Class on Colorism Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesShame’, also known as Colorism, is a prejudice act where people within the same race discriminate against each other based on the shades of their skin. There has been a lot of talk about the privilege of lighter skin over dar ker skin tones and how it has truly effected African Americans as a whole. People of darker shades have felt hurt and betrayed by lighter shades due to the rejection Colorism has caused while others may feel another way but just like the saying says, ‘there’s two sides to everyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Asterios Polyp Color 1522 Words   |  7 Pageshimself more vulnerable to Hana. Afterwards, and as she accept him for who he is, they are drawn in a similar format conveying that they are once again a part of each others worlds. In Anderson’s film, the colors red and blue are used to signify the different worlds each character belongs too. Similar to Asterios, Punch-Drunk Love’s protagonist Barry (Adam Sandler) does not understand or feel emotion the same way everyone else does. He is a novelty supplier who is considered psychologically troubled,Read MoreSkewed Appearences of Reality in Herman Melville’s Benito Cereno and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† 1427 Words   |  6 PagesCereno† and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† contain matters of skewed appearances and reality. Though both texts have themes of hidden truths, both have different outcomes when characters of their respective texts have their â€Å"veil† lifted: Goodman Brown is forever changed by his new perspective whereas Delano remains unperturbed by what he learns. In addition to this theme of appearance versus reality, both texts explore the conseque nces of this â€Å"unveiling† and, in connection, explore ideasRead MoreTS Elliots The Use of Poetry1277 Words   |  5 Pagesto think is real. From time to time literature may make the readers thing of something personal that gives us a sense of reality. Through John Updike’s Rabbit Run, Vladimir Nabokov’s Pale Fire, Margaret Atwood’s Happy Endings, James Joyce’s Araby, Patrick White’s The Vivesector, and Jorge Luis Borges’ Pierre Menard, Author of the ‘Quixote’ readers come to find a sense of reality within the characters portrayed through these works. In John Updike’s Rabbit Run, we see Harry â€Å"Rabbit† Angstrom constantlyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 181311 Words   |  6 Pageseventually take it, as he takes everything. However, there is more to this sonnet than it seems. While the aforementioned description is true, the rhyming couplet coupled with Shakespeare’s trademark mastery of language and wordplay create a completely different reading experience. It is its own self-fulfilling prophecy, as the promise to immortalize the sonnet’s subject’s beauty is upheld by the mere existence and continued readings of the poem. The first quatrain is straightforward praise of the lady’sRead MoreThe Color Gold Symbols Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald711 Words   |  3 Pages12/9/2015 The Color Gold symbolize In The Great Gatsby Colors have many shades, along with various meanings and emotions. When you look at the shade of a color and what it means in books each color has its own meaning and emotional attachment to each character. the color gold has been mention in the book The Great Gatsby. Gold has a connection to everything in this book. It has several different meaning: happiness, richness, extremely valuable, corruption, mean, rude, snobby, to lieRead MoreThe Great Gatsby And Cugat s Cover Art1446 Words   |  6 Pagesnature of that culture. With the artistic aspects of blue shade, bright imagery, and raw emotion, Fitzgerald provides the inspiration for Cugat to paint the realistic picture of the 1920’s, while Fitzgerald constructs the world of the West and East Egg, New York. The bright and colorful imagery throughout the story represents the image of extravagance that residents of the West and East Egg portray, while the juxtaposition of the blue shade displays the message of the utter la ck of true relationships

Value Stream Mapping for Coca Cola Company - 1302 Words

Operational Excellence Classified - Internal use Operational Excellence is: Our strategy to achieve transformational results One common language, tools, and processes The umbrella for our many improvement initiatives Our key strategy to become Green and Lean The method to develop our high-potential talent OE culture will lead us to the 2020 vision o Maximize the long term cash flow for the Bottlers and the Company o Operate with the best cost in our logistics, production and commercial processes o Standardized and simplify our operational processes o Create a continuous improvement culture Worldwide Delivery within OE Markets (YTD Sep 14th) TOTAL USD 44,156,968 USD 25,884,341 USD 10,621,083 Status Region†¦show more content†¦OE has incorporated the best elements of Six Sigma into the OE toolkit. Unit Produced 10 OE Combines The Best of Lean, Six Sigma Our Own Improvement Tools Into One Toolbox Lean †¢ Waste Elimination, †¢ Standardized Work, †¢ Flow and Pull, †¢ Quality at the Source, †¦ Our Own Best Practices †¢ Water Stewardship, †¢ Energy Conservation, †¢ Excellence In Maintenance – EXIM, †¢ Line Optimization – SALT, †¦ Six Sigma †¢ Variability Reduction, †¢ Structured Problem Solving – DMAIC, †¢ Process Design – DMADV, †¢ Process Capability, Control, †¦ OE Training Will Provide Common Language, Processes, And Tools For Philly Coke A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 D1 E 1 D2 E 2 D3 E 3 D4 E 4 D5 E 5 D6 E 6 D7 E 7 A1. Level Scheduling A2. Line Balancing A3. Line Stop and Call A4. Man/Machine Separation A5. Workspace Design A6. Mistake Proofing B1. Structural Problem Solving B2. Value Stream Mapping B3. Process Mapping B4. Continuous Flow B5. Process Capability B6. Process Control B7. Pull Systems C1. OEE C2. Quick Changeover C3. Line Speed OptimizationShow MoreRelatedLean, The And Beverage Industry1537 Words   |  7 PagesNestlà © ï  ¬ Benefits of lean manufacturing Kraft Foods: ï  ¬ Introduction ï  ¬ Applications of Lean in Kraft Foods and outcomes Coca-Cola: ï  ¬ Introduction ï  ¬ Lean journey in Coca-Cola ï  ¬ Benefits of lean implementation 3. Conclusions 4. References â€Æ' It is hard to implement Lean in food industries There is a basic assumption that Lean Production and associated continuous enhancement companies do not provide themselves to very easy application in sectors that have large batch processes, like the food and alsoRead MoreHidden Potential5762 Words   |  24 Pagesis that every product has more attributes than meet the eye. Profitable product strategies are built around giving customers the exact mix of attributes they want but no more. Companies that underinvest in attributes that customers value will lose customers; companies that overinvest in attributes that customers don’t value will lose money. Managers must find the best fit between a product’s bundle of attributes and their customers’ needs—and doing so is an endlessly iterative process because competitorsRead MoreStrategic Analysis of Sabmiller16462 Words   |  66 PagesDeveloped World As SABMiller, Early 2000s 2. CHAPTER 1 1. Introduction to South African Breweries (SABMiller plc) SABMiller plc ranks as the worlds second largest brewer in terms of volume, trailing only Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. Although now based in London, the company owns no breweries in the United Kingdom. Its true home country is South Africa, where The South African Breweries Limited (SAB) was founded in 1895 and where SABMiller today holds an impressive 98 percent share of the beerRead MoreCrush Case6188 Words   |  25 Pagesdrinks, Sunkist and Crush à ¿ Cola’s represent 67% of soft drink consumption while orange flavored only accounts for 3.9% à ¿ Crush is lacking a diet Crush leaving us out of 31% of the industry à ¿ Crush and Sunkist used less on advertising than other companies with orange soft drinks à ¿ Crush had the lowest market coverage of orange sales potential among major competitors because of the decision to try and sell Crush through warehouses rather than through bottlers à ¿ Crush lacks a clear positioning statementRead MoreStrategic Analysis of Sabmiller16447 Words   |  66 PagesAs SABMiller, Early 2000s 2. CHAPTER 1 1. Introduction to South African Breweries (SABMiller plc) SABMiller plc ranks as the worlds second largest brewer in terms of volume, trailing only Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. Although now based in London, the company owns no breweries in the United Kingdom. Its true home country is South Africa, where The South African Breweries Limited (SAB) was founded in 1895 and where SABMiller today holds an impressive 98 percent share of the beerRead MoreFood Tech Notes Hsc3223 Words   |  13 Pages-Producing or supplying fooder/feed + water -Breeding -Treating illnesses + disease -Transporting animals to saleyards, abattoirs + other food processing locations -About 90% of the total value of Aus agriculture production comes from food. Cereals, dairy + meat are the most signif products in the AFC. Our main cereal crops are wheat, oats, barley, rice, maize + sorghum. 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The third most used social 5 media site is Instagram, this media is primarilyRead MoreResources Capabilities20336 Words   |  82 Pagesand capabilities: the interface between strategy and the ï ¬ rm THE FIRM l Goals and Values l Resources and Capabilities l Structure and Systems THE INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY l l Competitors Customers l Suppliers The Firm–Strategy Interface The Environment–Strategy Interface CSAC05 1/13/07 9:21 Page 126 126 PART II THE TOOLS OF STRATEGY ANALYSIS FIGURE 5.2 Honda Motor Company: product development milestones Honda Technical Research Institute founded First gasolinepoweredRead MoreDamodaran Book on Investment Valuation, 2nd Edition398423 Words   |  1594 PagesCash Flows Chapter 11: Estimating Growth Chapter 12: Closure in Valuation: Estimating Terminal Value Chapter 13: Dividend Discount Models Chapter 14: Free Cashflow to Equity Models Chapter 15: Firm Valuation: Cost of Capital and APV Approaches Chapter 16: Estimating Equity Value Per Share Chapter 17: Fundamental Principles of Relative Valuation Chapter 18: Earnings Multiples Chapter 19: Book Value Multiples Chapter 20: Revenue and Sector-Specific Multiples Chapter 21: Valuing Financial ServiceRead MoreThe Mind of a Marketing Manager26114 Words   |  105 Pagessolutions for customers, and the best returns to shareholders? * Where should you focus amidst this complexity? 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Do You Think Adhd Is a Genuine Disorder or Just a Normal High Energy Free Essays

ADHD Brandy Fields Chapter 13: Do you think ADHD is a genuine disorder or just a normal high energy? Researchers say that ADHD is not caused by too much sugar or poor schools, but they have found that kids who watch a lot of TV when they are toddlers are more likely than average to display ADHD symptoms when they are 7. It often coexists with a learning disorder or with defiant and temper-prone behavior. The U. We will write a custom essay sample on Do You Think Adhd Is a Genuine Disorder or Just a Normal High Energy or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. National Institute of Mental Health reports that ADHD is heritable and they are trying to find out which genes are the culprit. Critics said that in the decade after 1987, the proportion of American children being treated for ADHD nearly quadrupled. By 2005, a Gallup study showed that ten percent of American 13- to 17-year-olds were being medicated for ADHD. Some of its symptoms can include: always being energetic, chattering away, darting from one activity to another, rarely settling down to read a book or focus on a game, fidgety, reckless and reacts to small things. Doctors keep diagnosing kids with ADHD and then treat it with stimulants like Ritalin Adderall that aren’t supposed to be addictive. I personally think that ADHD is too often diagnosed as a psychiatric disorder when it’s usually just normally high spirited kids. I think it goes back to our parental skills and styles. When we leave our kid in front of the TV for it to babysit them for us, what do we expect? Kids are supposed to be full of energy and curious about the world. If we don’t let them run that energy off by doing constructive positive things, it will just build up and turn into hyperactivity and even aggressiveness. I think it is ridiculous that we have children and then are too busy to have time to raise them properly. Then we wonder why we have heathens running around. I believe if we raise our kids the right way (yes, it is difficult, no one said it would be easy), ADHD wouldn’t be as much of an issue as it is today. I also feel like drugging our children to fix our mistakes are completely 100 percent wrong. I think that medicines like those are a very bad choice for our children. Maybe in a few years or decades, we will see the damaging long-term effects that they have on our children more clearly, but by then it may be too late. I hope not. How to cite Do You Think Adhd Is a Genuine Disorder or Just a Normal High Energy, Papers

Relief of Winged Spirit or Apkallu

Question: Discuss about a Article for Relief of Winged Spirit or Apkallu? Answer: Background A tribe that is now known as the Assyrians within the 800 BCE developed a significant artwork of the deities. Some of the examples that survive today for this particular artwork incorporate a wall panel of the palace of an apkallu, that is known as a winged diety within the culture of Assyria in order to serve a being a guardian of royal bedrooms, gateways, some other areas of the palaces along with the throne rooms (Boardman, Griffin Murray, n.d.). It ought to be noted that the guarding apkallu would be depicted with the mans body with the wings of an eagle. The apkallu has well developed and large muscles that are found to be typical for this sort of time period. The figure has a strong, protuding and defined muscular system and that he appears to be quite peaceful in accordance with the garments and his actions. He has an outfit resembling a priest or a nobleman that is sometimes equipped with numerous jewelry articles. Apart from this, the garment that is utilized by him is righ t down to the fringes on the edges of the cloak and tunic. Therefore, the wall panels just similar to this would be found to be placed to the left and right of the threshlds of the entrance palace for protecting as to what lies within the palace. The people of Assyria lived within a large and significant portion of the Middle East. The empire is usually focused on the city of Nineveh near the River of Tigris and not even that much far away from Babylon. The relief was mainly explored at the Nimruds palace close to the norther border of Iraq and Iran (Durant, 1999). The relief of apkallu was found to be as one of the significant and critical artifacts within the Nimruds palace. As in Egypt and many other ancient cultures, the Assyrians combined the forms of men with animals to create gods or guardians (Noble, 1975). Sculpture Description The artwork within the palace wall panel within the guardian figure demonstrates a scene of a winged diety with a bucket where the use of it will be disussed as below. This is mainly considered to be a close up image associated with bandubbu i.e. an Assyrian bucket mainly held by Apkallu i.e. a protective spirit. The bucket, during certain ceremonies was found to have been filled with fluid and that the Apkallu was found to dip mullilu i.e. a pine cone within it. After this, the Apkallu was then found to have sprinkled the Assyrian king along with the courtiers for purifying them (Jaeger Highet, 1939). Apart from this, the standard incription for Ashurnasirpal II horizontally runs across the top part of the relief. It ought to be noted that the winged figure within such a relief is associated with the mentioend apkallu spirit in the Assyrian texts. This is further explored through protective and magical powers and that the spirit possesses a physique that is stout with musculature t hat is found to be exaggerated. The sculpture shows that he has a bucket within his left hand while in his right one, it seems to sprinkle from a purifier inspired by flower sheaths or spathes from the data palm. The figure also illustrates an imposing image while wearing a richly embroidered robe and a tasseled kit (Stokstad Cothren, 2011). The apkallu has an outfit that has a resemblance with a priest or a nobleman, even furnished with a few articles of adornments. The piece of clothing he wears is point by point, directly down to the edges on the fringes of his cloak and tunic. Apart from the wall panels, for example, these ought to be set to the left and right of the thresholds of the entrance of the palace to secure what lies within the palace. References Boardman, J., Griffin, J., Murray, O.The Oxford history of the classical world. Durant, W. (1999).The life of Greece. New York: Simon and Schuster. Jaeger, W., Highet, G. (1939).Paideia: the ideals of Greek culture. New York: Oxford University Press. Noble, J. (1975). The Wax of the Lost Wax Process.American Journal Of Archaeology,79(4), 368. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/503070 Stokstad, M., Cothren, M. (2011).Art history. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Document (15) Essays (222 words) - Theology, Christian Theology

Christopher Brinson Biblical leadership December 6, 2018 Textbook review In one section of the book it spoke about the Big Bang theory and that is something that always catches my eye. The reason it always catches my eye is because when I was younger most of my friends were talking about this. I personally never got into this type of stuff my mother took me to church and that is what I am stick with. You have to have a strong faith in God to not become one of those people who just don't believe that there is nothing controlling us in a higher power. I find it very funny how on some Christian colleges there are still students who do not believe in the Lord Jesus Christ. I tend to believe people have not gotten the correct knowledge about God to believe in him yet. The ultimate truth book it is a well written book about God and is also talks about different aspects of God and gives different ire points. I would recommend this book to someone and I will because it will teach you things that most teachers will not ever talk about. At the end of the d ay you can not force the Bible onto someone they will have to become a believer on their own after a while.

Free Essays on Stoics

In the tree of Ethics, there are many twigs and branches that all trace back to a single root: how a person ought to act. Now, the paths that some branches take to get to that single root differ in many ways, yet all arrive at their own definition of how they themselves should live. The ‘branch’ that I will be talking about today, is Stoicism. I will discuss the history and beginnings of Stoicism in the Hellenistic period, the basic ideas of stoicism, and I will share my own personal beliefs and skeptical ideas as concerned with Stoicism. To begin, what does the word ‘stoic’ mean? The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines ‘stoic’ as â€Å"one apparently or professedly indifferent to pleasure or pain.† In the world of Ethics, a stoic is defined as â€Å"a member of a school of philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium about 300 B.C. holding that the wise man should be free from passion, unmoved by joy or grief, and submissive to natural law.† So what school of philosophy are we talking about? Who is Zeno of Cittium? Why did the stoics behave as they did? In the early part of the 4th century B.C. going on into the middle of the 3rd, a man named Zeno of Cittium left his home of Cyprus and went to Athens. There, he began to teach small groups of people about his ideas of ethics. He held his sessions on a painted porch on the Athenian agora known as the Stoa Poikile, from which the terms stoic and Stoicism derive from. At one point, Zeno, who had become adjusted to a life of riches, could not pay a resident tax, and as a consequence, was sold into slavery, where he was bought by a friend and freed. At first glance, one could look at stoicism and dismiss it as a relatively easy way to lead one’s life. At the heart, stoics do not care about abstract reality, about how and why the universe began, or Earth for that matter. To a stoic, the most important concept is that of acceptance in human life. Some of the ideas that Sto... Free Essays on Stoics Free Essays on Stoics In the tree of Ethics, there are many twigs and branches that all trace back to a single root: how a person ought to act. Now, the paths that some branches take to get to that single root differ in many ways, yet all arrive at their own definition of how they themselves should live. The ‘branch’ that I will be talking about today, is Stoicism. I will discuss the history and beginnings of Stoicism in the Hellenistic period, the basic ideas of stoicism, and I will share my own personal beliefs and skeptical ideas as concerned with Stoicism. To begin, what does the word ‘stoic’ mean? The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines ‘stoic’ as â€Å"one apparently or professedly indifferent to pleasure or pain.† In the world of Ethics, a stoic is defined as â€Å"a member of a school of philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium about 300 B.C. holding that the wise man should be free from passion, unmoved by joy or grief, and submissive to natural law.† So what school of philosophy are we talking about? Who is Zeno of Cittium? Why did the stoics behave as they did? In the early part of the 4th century B.C. going on into the middle of the 3rd, a man named Zeno of Cittium left his home of Cyprus and went to Athens. There, he began to teach small groups of people about his ideas of ethics. He held his sessions on a painted porch on the Athenian agora known as the Stoa Poikile, from which the terms stoic and Stoicism derive from. At one point, Zeno, who had become adjusted to a life of riches, could not pay a resident tax, and as a consequence, was sold into slavery, where he was bought by a friend and freed. At first glance, one could look at stoicism and dismiss it as a relatively easy way to lead one’s life. At the heart, stoics do not care about abstract reality, about how and why the universe began, or Earth for that matter. To a stoic, the most important concept is that of acceptance in human life. Some of the ideas that Sto...

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 55

Case Study Example This is because of the complicated legal, cultural and ethical challenges that come with the exclusive policies that China embodies as a nation. Ethics is a code of behavior that a particular society considers moral and appropriate for ensuring good relationships amongst them. Different counties have different laws and authorities that govern them and therefore, what seems right to a people of one nation may seem entirely wrong or even of criminal basis for the laws of the other nation. The PRC government considers Google as a major source of jeopardizing the security of the nation and divulging state security and promoting hatred among the people. According to the PRC, Google contributes to the spread of rumors as well as the promulgation of false news. Socially, the culture of the Chinese people felt disturbed by the actions of Google (Levy, 2011). Religion is an important factor in China and interfering with it creates the impression that one promotes evil cults. Legally speaking, the laws governing international business in the PRC are very tight. The control that the government has over businesses in the PRC is so enormous that freedom of operation is minimal. To work well with the government, some policies had to be set and Google Company had to follow them for successful business. The government has employed a number of methods to help control the online content and expression. This includes Website or IP address blocking and keyword filtering otherwise known as â€Å"The Great Firewall of China†. Under the policy of internet censorship, more than 2600 websites are currently under scrutiny in mainland China. These include Google+, YouTube, Facebook, Picasa, Word press, Dropbox and many others. Google therefore adhered to the PRC government policies and allowed Censorship. This included the removal several of its news sites from its news search engine in 2006. The PRC was of the idea that

Human Aanatomy and Physiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Aanatomy and Physiology - Essay Example Human males are capable of producing sperm throughout their lives that numbers in the millions. In females however, eggs are produced only in the hundreds. In fact, when females are still in utero, they produce all of the eggs that they will produce in a lifetime. These eggs then enter into Prophase I and stay dormant in this state until such time that the female begins puberty. At this time, eggs may continue undergoing meiosis to completion. This takes place with each egg one by one until menopause, resulting in monthly cycles until then. It is also important to note that not all of a female’s eggs will ever resume meiosis. Some will simply be reabsorbed by her body. In addition, at time of menstruation, the female will release one egg from the ovaries into the uterus to await fertilization. Males on the other hand have millions of sperm that can be released in mass proportion upon each ejaculation. The pathway taken by sperm as they leave the testes and travel through the body is as follows: sperm originate in the seminal vesicles which are located at the bladder’s base. Each seminal vesicle is joined with a vas deferens in order to form an ejaculatory duct. These ducts are fused with the urethra. During the path taken from the vasa deferentia into the urethra, the sperm acquire a thick, alkaline liquid. This liquid id provided by the prostate and is a nutrient rich solution for the health and motility of the traveling sperm. Upon ejaculation, the bulbourethral glands emit a mucous like secretion, followed by expulsion of sperm from the male body. The structure and function of male accessory glands are as follows: male accessory glands are composed of the ductus deferens, the epididymis, the urethra and the ejaculatory duct. This is a network of ducts in which the sperm travels to get from inside the body (the testes) to the outer portion of the body (the penis). The

Risk Management In Construction Contracts

Risk Management In Construction Contracts Risk management is vital when tendering for construction contracts. Risk is described by Atkinson (2001) as the probability of an occurrence of a hazard and the magnitude of the consequences. Consequently risk can be considered as the likelihood of an experience occurring and the resultant effect of that experience if it takes place. As defined by RICS (2009) risk management is a means of processes where risks are identified, analysed and managed. It is a constant cycle that begins at the pre-tender stage; this means that risk can be priced into the bid and continues after post contract stage. During the different phases of a project, new risks will emerge throughout the contract. Identifying in advance allows quicker mitigation; to reduce impact risk has on the project. This study has examined the inaccuracy of pre-tender risk management by using both pre-tender and post contract risk registers. As well as risks there were opportunities and these were also recognised in the processes of risk management. This subject area was chosen to be researched after discussion with line managers and work colleagues, during my 2010 placement year with Sir Robert McAlpine (SRM). This topic was considered as an ideal subject area for a research project because SRM were improving their risk management procedures. Therefore the plan of the study was to feedback findings, to further enhance the Tender risk management process. The line manager gave me risk registers for two different project types, and explained how SRM assess risk at all stages of a job. The emphasis being on highway construction, as this information was available from my placement and SRM. 1.2 Rationale The subject of what to research developed from consultations with colleagues and the line manager at SRM. The line manager was involved in risk management and was working to improve SRMs pre-tender risk process to make it replicate the post contract phase. This therefore illustrated a requirement in the business and indeed construction for research in to this topic area. The main reason for eventually electing the subject area of risk was the open access of information provided by SRM and the contact with knowledgeable personnel in my placement. This gave a better understanding of the processes currently used, which allowed me to gain a greater grasp of the subject area. Also access was gained during placement to potential data in the form of contract and tender risk registers from various Highway works undertaken by SRM. The aim, objectives and hypothesis came about from carrying out the literary research, it wasnt until that point that the information was collected, and a plan formulated of how to use it. The research aimed to understand how the pre-tender risk process may be inaccurate. After that considering how it could be improved and whether it was possible to do so. Subsequently, recording any conclusions of pre-tender process in order to develop and better it. 1.3 Aim, Objectives and Hypothesis 1.3.1 Aim To see whether the post contract risk process identifies significant additional risks that the pre-tender risk process failed to identify and thus determine how inaccurate the pre-tender risk process is. 1.3.2 Objectives Identify processes currently used to manage risks at post contract and pre tender stage in recognising and measuring risks. Analyse whether the key additional post contract risks identified were included at pre-tender stage. Compare SRMs risk management processes with other contractors and analyse to find the best solution. If possible, note any resulting conclusions and input results into the pre-tender risk process to produce a new accurate tender risk management. 1.3.3 Hypothesis The post contract risk process in Highway construction successfully identifies additional risks and as a result pre-tender appraisal is inaccurate. 1.4 Overview of work done / Methodology 1.4.1 Literature Review In order to understand the processes used to manage risk in the industry a literary review was embarked on. This meant the research would gain an appreciation of how risk is perceived by the industry, as prior to this my personal experience had only come from SRMs perspective and the processes they use. In order to gain real understanding and to funnel clearly on what my hypothesis stated, it was decided to split the literature review into two sections. One section, comprising of processes used by industry, taken from an assortment of books. The second section being that of SRMs highways process and accompanying documents. This makes it possible for an assessment to be conducted between SRM and the other contractors, so as to gain a better view of how Risk management at different stages of a contract work in Highway works. 1.4.2 SRM Projects The 3 SRM projects looked at were M1 J25-28, A19 upgrade (both Highways Agency) and M74 Glasgow council, they were all Highway maintenance contracts although they differ slightly. A19 was Term Maintenance Contract (TMC) whereas M1 J25-28 and M74 upgrade were (MAC) contracts. When examining the A19 upgrade the contract risk register was acquired but the tender risk register for this contract was not. However the contract risk register for this project was compared with a tender risk register from another contract. Not ideal but the only solution at the time. The majority of the risks are common and on most projects registers, so comparable/related risks were drawn from the tender register, and included in the A19 contract risk register. An evaluation was done involving the contract risk costs, and tender risks. This was done by incorporating the maximum, minimum, most likely costs and the probabilities from contract and tender appraisals. A total assessment for each risk occurred via averaging the maximum, minimum and most likely costs then multiplied by probability of risk occurrence. All risks types were identified, in order to distinguish trends in risks identified at pre-tender stage and found at post-contract stage or were not found at all. The M74 contract risk register was distinctive to M1 J25-28 and A19 upgrade registers as it didnt contain costs. Every risk was divided by its probability and impact, whether that was high, medium or low assessment. Having a pre-tender risk register for this project, meant risks were matched up with the contract risks. Assessing if each risk was covered was done by assigning costs and probabilities to every risk. To find the overall assessment, the probability and cost were multiplied. These costs were then evaluated against the overall pre-tender costs, as with the A19 upgrade. 1.4.3 Interviews Interviews via telephone were conducted with a few companies to really see what processes are used at post contract and pre-tender. Also to find out how precise these methods are. Companies interviewed were: Morgan EST. Vinci Balfour Beatty May Guerney 1.5 Overview of main conclusions The data and analysis carried out imply there is data to sustain in part the hypothesis. This is due to a large number of risks being identified in contract stage that were not previously seen at pre-tender. Even though assessments for any one risk were fairly inaccurate, the overall assessments for pre-tender and post-contract stage were close. Showing that the pre-tender risk process is inaccurate and needed improving if assessments and risk management is to become more reliable. 1.6 Guide to the report Chapter by Chapter overview of report: 1 Introduction An opening on risk management in relation to the project and validates the basis for choosing the subject area. It also states the aims, objectives and hypothesis which the project is established upon, as well as outlining the work done and an overview of the Conclusions. 2 Methodology Explains the methods used to investigate my hypothesis, from Literature review, approaches used data collection, analysis and interpretation of results. This describes the reasons for using the methods chosen and any research boundaries/ limitations. 3 Literature Review This chapter contains my understanding and background reading for the subject area. This was done by, studying the risk process used in management. Allowing a greater comprehension of risk in Highways work, and how its viewed and used. 4 Results and Analysis Confirms the results of the research, and the subsequent analysis for the SRM projects and other contractors interviews. It outlines the assessment made concerning the pre-tender risk register and the post contract risk registers. From this it then cross-examines the data so as to be able to test the hypothesis. 6 Conclusions and Recommendations This analyses all the results in relation to the hypothesis and whether they support it or not. It details any limitations that affected the project, while also imparting proposals for both industry and any future dissertations. 2 Methodology 2.1 Introduction The methodology was vital to the accomplishments of research and was dealt with care in order for the most appropriate research methods to be chosen (Fellows and Liu, 2008). The methodology outcome depended on the subject area, research aims and amount of literature review obtained. For data collection and analysis, the methods employed ought to be realising the aims and objectives so as to continually test the hypothesis and validate the research. The information that was obtainable and available played a huge role, as work on the dissertation could not be done if the information wasnt relevant. The information therefore can be decided by the hypothesis, as if the information is not on hand then one cant trial the hypothesis. Due to these factors, risk management was identified as an appropriate topic from the beginning, but it wasnt until the research was started that defining the hypothesis was possible, yet having an impression of the aims and objectives that were to be accomplished. From the off, the aim was to gauge how precise pre-tender risk management was, even if unsure of the data and information existing prior to consulting SRM team. Ultimately this section highlights the research methods utilised in the research, and the close association that has been made when doing so between the methods and Aim, hypothesis and objectives. 2.2 Aim Employed to help concentrate the methodology in choosing the right methods, also to clarify to the person who reads the dissertation what precisely is being investigated. So this shall be done by recalling the Aim set out: To see whether the post contract risk process identifies key additional risks that the pre-tender risk process failed to identify and thus determine how inaccurate pre-tender risk process is. 2.3 Quantitative and Qualitative methods In Data collection there are two key styles; quantitative and qualitative forms of research. Quantitative being the collection of data measured with figures and analysed with statistical trials in order to to test the hypothesis (Creswell, 1994). While Qualitative research is quite different, it is a method that uses meanings, experiences and descriptions (Naoum, 2007). Quantitative research can be easier to examine as it creates measurable/quantified outcomes that can create analytical arithmetical results. While, qualitative information from research has a tendency to be complicated as it often requires researcher input and manipulation to ensure its appropriate for investigative procedures (Fellows and Liu, 2008). The research methods depend on the information obtainable and the aim of the research. In carrying out good piece of research, its generally required and essential to use both quantitative and qualitative. A combination of methods was used, to enable the correct and more reliable conclusions; more is detailed further in this section. 2.4 Literature Review A literature review was undertaken; to provide the core subject knowledge of risk management in construction. The idea was to comprehend how risk is analysed in the construction sector, and the procedures used in controlling it. Next research was done to discover how risk is managed, by using literature in form of books and journals. Then see SRMs risk management process from their risk management documentation. Dividing the literature review in two sections meant that one of the objectives could be fulfilled by comparing SRMs risk management approach with other construction companies. Overall the literature review gave a greater understanding of the chosen topic of risk, and illustrated the problems and successes in risk management. While also showing the diverse and numerous ways in managing risk, and how the approach identified and selected can depend on many factors such as project size, contract used and size of companies involved in the managing of the project. The list literature sources below were used in delivering the dissertation: Textbooks -were very useful in gaining the relevant knowledge of risk management, and procedures used. Books were found by searching Loughborough Universitys library database. Chapters needed or thought appropriate were studied, and compared against searches that had been made on the internet. A check system, which assessed the validity of both sources of information against each other. With much of the research it became apparent that information in books available werent current especially in the older series of books. Despite this it wasnt a predicament for Risk management as texts of up to ten years old were and are significant and applicable now, with some techniques having improved. The books allowed for great comparison for up to date information on the internet. Journals were again located on the Loughborough University library database, which with the relevant buzz words located material of use. Finding journals proved difficult in comparison to textbook numbers, yet the sources were helpful. Internet supplied a platform for research of literature. Being easy to use and handy, collating information could be done at speed and with relative ease. It allowed greater understanding of what type of book would be needed from the library. Information from the internet was important but it had its limits and it was vital to know that it can be inaccurate and cause misguidance, research can be more guaranteed with text and journals. This way of thinking about limitations in using the internet was in mind when searching websites on risk in the construction. Finding various helpful websites any information was compared other websites in order to increase reliability, but most importantly against book and journals. As with all research appropriate sources of reliability were identified and used like the RICS website. Two editorials from RICS site provided constructive, and were used in the literature review. In finding books the internet was most useful as many articles on websites h ighlighted book of particular relevance and use. SRMs Risk Management Procedures document SRMs risk management procedure document was used as section two of the literature review. Reading through the document and important information was used in the literature review, particularly, on the processes used by SRM in risk management. A comparison was made between SRMs procedures and with those found in the first half of the literature review. 2.5 Data Collection When actually collecting the data for the research the collection was again split into two parts. The initial data collection was from SRM projects, other data collection was associated to other contractors. The intention was to compare the risk procedures, and attempt at analysing which was the superior one. The next section shows how all the data collection was collected and prepared. 2.5.1 SRM Projects The data for SRM projects was collected during a placement year, when working in the relevant packages and job roles. Prior to any data collection, discussions with line managers and seniors took place in order to help formulate and aid the research as what would be required in terms of data. At this stage no hypothesis had been decided, the idea was to assess the accuracy of pre-tender risk assessments. It was therefore recommended that the applicable information in the form pre-tender and post contract risk registers could be provided. The contracts that would be made available were the M1 J25-28 scheme, A19 upgrade and M74 Glasgow project. Three similar Motorway/road maintenance projects that differ from each other contractually. A19 upgrade is a TMC to maintain, operate a network of strategic roads in the North East. M1 J25-28 and M74 are both MAC contracts for similar maintenance one in the midlands and the latter in Glasgow. A19 upgrade and M1 J25-28 are HA run, while M74 is for the Glasgow city council. The HA run their contracts by splitting their contracts into 13 sections in the UK, and in these projects cases offer for the extension and maintenance of the roads within these sections. The reason that A19 upgrade was a TMC but M1 J25-28 and M74 MAC contracts is previous to the MAC HA projects were also run with the TMC contract, but now all is done under MAC style. The contracts run for 5 years with optional extensions. Different sections of maintenance start and end at different areas on the motorway in question over a 5 year cycle, meaning that when MAC contracts were first used, some sections werent using them and using TMC etc A19 upgrade was a TMCs completed in 2009, whereas M1 J25-28 scheme was a mew MAC contracts just seeing completion in late 2010. The difference in TMCs and MAC contracts is TMCs two separate companies, one as managing agent the other as main contractor. MAC contracts are one company, who runs as both the contractor and managing agent. Using the three contracts as the basis for the research the risk manager on the placement at SRM started off by providing a tender risk register for the M1 J25-28 and A19 contract, projects he had involvement on. Trying to find tender risk registers for M74 was problematic but couldnt find any. In order to have a full complete analysis, it was decided that for M74 to use another MAC contract tender risk register. This was exactly the same as M74 except the location geographically. For sure this would create limitations but it was decided, it would possible to use the risk register as SRM tend to re-use the risk register from preceding bids for specific contracts. So similarities would be high and that as long as it was noted in the dissertation as to its use and reasons why. Due to the generic nature of the risks they were deemed suitable as with what SRM do in practice. While on placement working on the M1 J25-28 contract meant developing contacts with people in the relevant field of risk management. Therefore requesting the use of the risk register on M1 job was easier than the other projects. The A19 contract risk register was also obtained contracts at work so. Finally also getting the M74 contract risk register, because although never having worked on this contract the line manager on my placement gave contact details of relevant personnel to enquire with and the registers were duly emailed. 2.5.2 Other Contractors Obtaining data via contractors in the sector of road maintenance was much more difficult than from SRM sources, as they were very protective of information they gave out. All the projects obtained so far from SRM contracts were Highways related, so the focus was on trying to collect data from Highway contractors. By doing this it would allow for a honest comparison between SRM and other contractors. Processes to manage risk are expected to be similar involving different construction projects; the data was likely to be different. The plan was to send questionnaires to the chosen contractors, but after unsuccessful returns it became apparent that another route would be needed, so interviews via telephone were deemed suitable. It seemed with written questionnaires, companies were more likely to ignore them, whereas on the phone they would respond to the questions asked immediately, with no real confusion of what the question was asking as myself in person could explain. The Highway contractors contacted were: Morgan est. Vinci Balfour Beatty May Guerney A semi-structured set of questions was planned in order to gain the information required but also allowed telephone participant to elaborate and discuss the subject in a friendly professional manner. Contractors in Highways works were contacted, the dissertation of Risk Management was explained with the aims and objectives that needed to be achieved and the following questions were asked: Do you have a pre-tender risk management method? How do you detect risks in the pre-tender phase? How do you calculate risks to arrive at a total risk pot? Do you undertake risk management post-contract phase? Could I obtain a pre-tender risk analysis and post contract risk analysis for my research use (for the Highways project you are on)? To each conversation it was explained that my aim was; compare the risks types at tender stage with contract stage as well as assessments made. The questions were supposed to identify the processes companies used in managing risks. Overall the different companies were helpful in answering these questions. The Fifth and final question was done to get registers like that gained from SRM. It was the only difficult part as many refused to hand registers over from live projects due to the sensitivity of their data and company policies. However some registers were received but didnt really contain the crucial information required just a formatted company risk register. Throughout the interviews, notes were made on the first four questions and the results put into a table at the time of the interview showing the company and their response to each question. Thus, making analysis easier when looking at the responses later in the dissertation. 2.6 Data Analysis Prior to data analysis, the research had assessed how SRM price risks because of the literature review and looking at the risk registers. It was crucial to identify this before undertaking the data analysis as it established what type of analysis would be carried out, and therefore detailed below. Upon formulating the risks that have been identified each risk will be categorised with minimum, maximum, most likely value and probability. Done for all of the risks, the information is put into a piece of simulation software called @ RISK which does hundreds to thousands of simulations, and creates a graph with a bell-shaped curve. The 75th percentile is put in the bid as the risk potential. SRM do this for all of their projects. For this dissertation we were concerned in the risks were identified and the individual costing of each risk as shown in paragraph above with min, max etc. The focal point being what was keyed in to @ RISK as opposed to what it produces. For the Data analysis the SRM contracts have been split into their individual projects and the Other Highway contractors. The reason for splitting the SRMs projects is that the analysis varied in parts by way it had been collected as mentioned earlier (some with full risk registers some in part). 2.6.1 M1 J25-28s scheme and M74 Glasgow Analysis for M1 and M74 projects were pretty much the same. The M1 contract and tender risk register could be compared with the contract and tender risk register for the M74 contract, due to them both being Macs. To evaluate the accuracy of the risk assessments, comparable risks to the contract register, were removed from the tender register, put against the matching risk in the contract register. When comparing values in matching risks, it was vital to have a total cost for risks in both the contract and pre-tender register. The best and most impartial way to do this for the pre-tender risk register was to take the average from the maximum, minimum and most likely figures and multiply the probability. The maximum, minimum and most likely values are the range of potential expenses that could be incurred by the risk, and any total cost was decided to be an average of these, as all projects had them. As its unknown as to its actually occurrence the average should be multiplied by the probability, which gives a total potential cost to the risk. While the contract risk registers should be considered by severity and possibility by scale of 1-5, and then an assessment of the risk is undertaken, figuring out the minimum, maximum and most likely values of each risk. Mitigation measures are identified for each risk, and then assessment is done again as before the mitigation. The M74 contract risk register did not have minimum cost of the risks, so all risks were assumed to be zero. Without any minimum values any overall assessments of the risk would not have been made. The reason for not using the likely value instead was so the data would use a range of values. It was decided greater accuracy would be found in setting the minimum as zero and range of values than the most likely. By setting all its risks as zero means they are an unimportant minimum value or a risk/event that doesnt happen. The M1 contract register had all the necessary values so no intervention was needed. Both contract risk registers failed to show any probability, just a likelihood scale from 1-5. Therefore it was assumed, giving the scale a percentage as would normally be done: 1 10% 2 30% 3 50% 4 70% 5 90% These percentages were used because they provided a suitable range, as risks with low likelihoods (1) are unlikely to occur but not impossible so 10% seemed a reasonable percentage. Similarly 90% seemed a reasonable percentage for high likelihoods (5) as they are likely to occur but not certain. The other values were then evenly distributed between 10% and 90%. Having made these assumptions the overall assessment for contract risks was made in the same way as the tender risks, finding the average of the maximum, minimum and most likely and multiplying this by the probability. Where the same tender risk was identified as being applicable to more than one contract risk the overall assessment was divided by the number of contract risks it was applicable to. This was because when these values were totalled there would be double counting of these tender risks if this was not done. To show this information a table was created showing; a list of contract risks, the corresponding tender risks, raw data inputted into the risk registers, and the overall assessments. I then split the contract risks into one of the following categories: Not identified but covered (No cost). Not identified and not covered should be identified. Not identified cannot be identified. Identified and covered. Identified but not covered. Each risk was grouped by colour to state which category from above it fell in. 2.6.2 A19 upgrade The analysis for the A19 contract was started off in the same way as had been done for the M1 J25-28 and M74 contracts, going through the contract risk register and identifying any similar risks from the tender risk register. The assessments for the overall cost for the tender risks were made in exactly the same way, by taking the average of the maximum, minimum and most likely values and multiplying this by the probability. This was because the tender risk registers were in exactly the same format. However the differences came when the assessments of the overall cost for the contract risks were made. This was because for this project, the contract risk register assessed the risks in a different way to the Area 6 and Area 13 contract risk registers. This difference was that there were no costs in the A19 risk register. Instead the risks identified at contract stage were assessed in terms of likelihood and impact on a scale of high, medium and low. This meant that assessing the overall cost for the contract risks were harder because there was no costs given. Therefore the only way to assess the overall cost of the risk was to give the risk a cost and a probability based on whether it was high, medium or low and then multiply these two figures together. This means that deciding what costs and probabilities to assign to each level of risk was important, as the overall assessment was dependent upon these assumptions. In terms of what costs to give for each level of impact, the risk matrix that SRM use for prioritising risks was referred to. They assess the impact and probability of each risk using a 1-5 scale and they give the parameters for impact as being: 1 under  £1,000 2  £1,000  £10,000 3  £10,000  £100,000 4  £100,000  £1,000,000 5 Over  £1,000,000 As this was a 1-5 scale and the risks and the contract risks were only divided into high medium and low, the figures for 1 and 5 was as too extreme both ways. For low risks I decided to take the high point of a risk impact of 2 ( £10,000) and for high risks I took the low point of a risk impact of 4 ( £100,000). For medium risks I took the midpoint between these two values ( £55,000). Using these figures seemed reasonable based upon this scale, as it created enough of a range without a too big range. For the probabilities, the likelihood scale they use was based on descriptions rather than probabilities. From knowledge in research the probabilities for low were set at 10%, medium risks 50% and high risks 90%. These percentages were used because they provided a suitable range, as risks with low likelihoods are unlikely to occur but not impossible, so 10% seemed a reasonable percentage. Similarly 90% seemed a reasonable percentage for high risks, as they are likely to occur but not certain. For medium risks the midpoint between these two percentages (50%) was used, because they are possible to occur. The cost was then multiplied by the probability to give an overall value for each risk. Following this, the rest of my analysis was exactly the same as the M1 J25-28 and M74 contracts 2.6.3 Further Analysis Explanation This section so far details how the risk registers were compared, which was the first step in terms of analysing the data, and these tables are included in the appendices at the end of this dissertation. However on there own, these tables did not give sufficient information to be able to test my hypothesis. Firstly, to interrogate how accurate the identification of the risks was, the risks that were identified, and were not identified and not commercially covered, were filtered out, and lists were made of these risks. As this was done, each risk was put into a category to see if there were particular categories that are, and are not identified at tender stage. To analyse this, tables were created for risks identified and not identified, detailing the categories of risks, and the number of risks in each category. From these tables, two pie charts were drawn to show this information graphically. To analyse the assessment of the risks, a summary table was firstly drawn to show the number of contract risks in the following categories, and the total assessments relating to these risks: Not identified but covered (No cost). Not identified and not covered should be identified. Not identified cannot be identified. Identified and covered.

Classical India and Mesopotamia Essay

Classical India and Mesopotamia are both ancient civilizations with many similarities and differences. Both Mesopotamia and Classical India had law codes and were a patriarchal society. Social mobility was not present in Classical India as it was in Mesopotamia. In both societies there were many things similar and many things different. Both Classical India and Mesopotamia had law codes. Classical India used the Code of Manu while Mesopotamia used the code of Hammurabi. These codes were followed by everyone in both civilizations. Both law codes had punishments equal to the crime and were based off an eye for an eye premise or the principal of relation. Physical crimes had physical consequences, for instance, if you were to hit someone you would be punished by having your hand cut off. Likewise in both societies the lower class was treated exceedingly poor. Often the slave class was put to death for breaking the law codes against people of the upper class. Law codes were just one way that Classical India and Mesopotamia are similar. Mesopotamia and Classical India alike were both patriarchal societies. This is important because it shows how much we have advanced in women’s rights. Women in both civilizations were treated as property. While women in Classical India were protected, the rights they received were nowhere near the same as they were for men. Only men had the right to own property and make trades in both civilizations. Women were even treated poorly in the law codes. In the code of Hammurabi, if a woman’s husband died they would need to throw themselves in a fire. All women were to live for was their husbands. The patriarchal society of Classical India and Mesopotamia shows how women were treated and interacted with. Social mobility was present in Mesopotamia while it wasn’t in Classical India. In Classical India you were born into the caste system which was where you would stay for the remainder of your life. In order to move up you would have to wait for your next life. In Mesopotamia the classes were based on wealth. In Mesopotamia there were three social classes. The highest class was the richest and the lowest were the poor. In Mesopotamia if you came upon wealth you would move up in the social ranks unlike in Classical India. Both Mesopotamia and Classical India had similarities and differences with the way the societies were governed and the social interactions between the people.

Overall delivery of service Essay

My role helps to contribute to the overall delivery of the service provided because I can help to provide the best quality care to individuals, I can help them to make sure that they know everything that they need to know whilst they are in hospital and also communicate effectively to make sure that they are always comfortable with their care. This helps with other individuals who are working with me because when everybody is working in this way the service runs more smoothly and everybody is on the same page therefore the patients feel cared for and valued. While working alongside the nurses and other staff I can help to make sure that everybody is getting the best care and when this is maintained through every shift it helps to keep the standards high and also eliminate problems. With attending college and work regularly together this helps to understand everything better because other members of staff know that I am capable of carrying everything out effectively and to the correct standards therefore this also helps to contribute towards the standard of the service. I could influence the quality of the service provided by following best practice within my work role because I would be following procedures and doing everything correctly which ensures that there are no problems and everything runs to a high standard. If everything is done correctly those who I am working with and those who come on shift afterwards this makes the job easier for them and doesn’t make their work load to large, this makes the service run more smoothly because everybody is working together and combines together correctly to ensure that the standards are correct. If I don’t carry out the requirements of my job role then this would be passed on to the shift afterwards which would affect their routine and have a knock on affect by knocking things out of alignment because they would be carrying on my work when they have their own jobs to do and this could cause this to then knock onto the next shift because everything would be working out of sync. This could also endanger a patient or distress them because tasks aren’t getting done at the correct time or to the correct standard. It could also cause conflicts between myself and the patients or myself and other staff. If I did not carry out my jobs this could cause other staff to have a too heavy workload that they are not capable of which would then end in them not carrying out the best quality of care that they can provide.

Contract law Free Essay Example, 2500 words

One of the leading cases is that of Fisher v Bell7 where a shopkeeper displayed in a knife with a price ticket in his shop window. He was charged with offering a flick knife for sale in contravention of the Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959 s1. It was however held that the shopkeeper was not guilty because displaying the knife in the shop window amounted merely to an invitation to treat. Accordingly, the shopkeeper had not offered the knife for sale within the 1959 Act. Further, In the leading English case of Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists (Southern) Ltd, the Court of Appeal held that where a shopper takes goods from a shelf, at that point he does not accept an offer made by the storekeeper when he displays the goods on offer. The acts of appropriation and actually approaching the cash counter constitute an offer by the prospective purchaser which is then accepted by the cashier. 8 Alternatively, where a quotation for the price of goods has been given, the courts have also found that it is possible, usually from previous discussions, that the offeror did have the requisite intention and accordingly the quotation amounted to an offer9.We will write a custom essay sample on Contract law or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Acceptance In commercial scenarios, it is generally a rule that an offer should be communicated to the other party so that its acceptance may create a binding contract10. The offeree, by accepting an offer, either expressly or impliedly, indicates that the offeree is willing to be bound11 to a contract with the offeror on the terms originally stated. Where the offeree is silent following an offer, this of itself does not prevent the creation of the contract, but there must be some conduct or act to indicate acceptance. In Brennan v Lockyer12 an offer was posted in whereby the applicant requested certain benefits be made available to him by his trade union on enrolment. The union sent a certificate of enrolment which was originally posted in London and arrived in Dublin, recording the fact of enrolment in London. The question arose whether the contract was completed in London, when the certificate was posted, or in Dublin, when it was communicated to the applicant13. A distinction was drawn between an acceptance regarding an offer asking for information and that which requests an act be done. When the acceptance is that of a promise this must be validly communicated, but if the offeror requests action, such as posting goods, no further communication is necessary. Generally, where an offer is followed by silence from the offeree, there is no valid acceptance.